Sometimes when I have free time at work I think of new ways/optimizations to try to salvage old computers at work and make them as fast as possible for my fellow employees. So far the lightest Linux install I have found is Puppy Linux. Works great on these old Toshiba laptops we have that are dated to the early 2000s. A contender is the new Chromium OS. It does not work on the old Toshiba thought. I does work on newer 5yr old desktops and speeds them up so much.
I just thought I'd share. :-)
Some of the lightest OSes out there are just JeOS versions of regular distributions. The good thing about using them is the compatibilty, for example...Ubuntu Server JeOS which is a very stripped version of Ubuntu Server that is around 101MB (about same size of Puppy Linux). The good thing here is you still have access to the Ubuntu / Debain repositories to do any updates or upgrades without manually compiling software.
I should note however, most JeOS installations will be "GUIless" and so you would need to install an xserver once finished, which does give you the advantage of choosing the right GUI for you...weather it be GNOME, KDE or something small like Fluxbox or XFCE.
Ubuntu JeOS: http://cdimage.ubuntu.com/jeos/
OpenSuSE JeOS (LimeJeos): http://en.opensuse.org/LimeJeos
http://www.volny.cz/basiclinux/
If you really need a super light distro. Needs an i386 processor (pentium 1) and about 12MB of ram.
Yes it has gui capabilities. Might need to install old slackware 4.0 packages to make it more functional.
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